Comparison of practices

• Use of water resources
• Use of land resources

• Use of water resources
• Use of land resources

Country: Kazakhstan

Province: South Kazakhstan Region

District: Maktaaral District

Country: Kazakhstan

Province: Kyzylorda Region

District: Karmakshy District

Other settlement: a/o “Aktobe”, a/o “III International”

• Upstream (Ferghana) and midstream (Syr Darya) of the Syr Darya River
• Ebb occurrence of highly mineralized ground water

The site is located in the lower reaches of the Syr Darya River (inter-riverbed depression strip)

Start date: 01.01.1965

End date: 31.12.1975

Start date: 01.01.2010

End date: 31.12.2011

Deterioration of reclamation situation: rising of ground water, land salination

Increasing secondary land salination, deterioration of col-lector and drainage system (CDS)

Technique and technology of land reclamation via a system of vertical drainage wells (VDW)

A set of measures to enhance land reclamation condition (collector cleaning using special equipment, reconstruction of hydraulic engineering installations, etc.)

Actions:

A VDW system set up. Prior to its installation, the area was drained via a horizontal open-type drain-age network ineffective as to reducing the mass of salinized land.

Comprehensive VDW efforts significantly enhanced drainage.

However, currently due to the absence of a single organization responsible for VDW operation, maintenance and repair, the VDW systems recon-structed under World Bank and Asian Development Bank projects do not perform as effectively as ini-tially.

Results:

Financial and economic:
Increased cotton yields (from 10-15 up to 30-35 dt/ha).

Technical:
Successful response to land salination in 3 districts: ground water table steadily kept at 2-3 m depth leading to a sharp contraction of salinized land area.

Actions:
The capital repair of inter-farm West Karmakshi Collector (WKC) is necessitated by the fact that in its current condition the Collector didn't provide for timely drainage of drainages and discharge water from cropland in the Left-Bank Massif.

Results:

Financial and economic:
Increased crop productivity, mainly rice and forage crops

Technical:
Enhanced reclamation condition of land in the Left-Bank Massif

Lessons learnt:

In due time, the model proved useful and timely, as the country urgently needed to increase its cotton yields. The practice demonstrated high efficiency of VDW in combatting land salination.

Recommendations:

1. Establish a special VDW System Maintenance and Operation Department;
2. Build personnel capacity:
• Continual training of personnel in the Department and Provincial Hydrogeological and Land Reclamation Expedition;
• Drafting and distribution of training materi-als.

Lessons learnt:
Allocation of resources for cleaning CDS proved more efficient than other target actions

Recommendations:
Regular and timely execution of running and capital collector cleaning is necessary to ensure its proper operation

Domestic tools (outcomes of research by domestic R&D organizations)

Domestic tools (outcomes of research by domestic R&D organizations)

1. Cost of implementation: Moderate

2. Approximate cost of investment per 1 ha:

3. O&M costs: High

4. Expert support: Not needed

1. Cost of implementation: High

2. Approximate cost of investment per 1 ha:

3. O&M costs: High

4. Expert support: Not needed

Reshetkina N.M. et al. “Vertical Drainage”, Moscow: Kolos, 1978. – 319 p.

SIC ICWC

SIC ICWC