Сравнение практик

Use of water resources

Use of water resources

Страна: Казахстан

Область: Жамбылская

Страна: Таджикистан

Область: Согдийская

Район: Бободжон-Гафуровский

The site is located in the foothills with significant difference in elevation

Khoja-Bakirgan River Basin; Khoja-Bakirgan Main Canal (KBMC), allotted area – 8.12 thousand ha, number of water users – 19, including 11 WUAs.

Дата начала: 01.01.2006

Дата окончания: 31.12.2007

Дата начала: 01.01.2007

Дата окончания: 31.12.2017

Water erosion, discharge, uneven distribution of irrigation water, poor yields

Low level of coordination among WUAs – as a rule, each WUA liaises independently with its water management organization (WMO).

Technique and technology for irrigation based on Simultaneous Impulse Sprinkling Kit (KSID-10S)

Methods of integration and social mobilization

Actions:

Deployment of the Simultaneous Impulse Sprinkling Kit (KSID-10S) allowing extremely uniform and simultaneous dispersion of irrigation water across all sections of arable pasture or hayfield meadow.  Water expenditure at the impulse device makes 0.05-0.3 l/sec and 0.25-2.0 l/sec in the irrigation pipeline, thus, reducing (3-4 times) the costs associated with the pipeline network installation compared to other sprinkling systems (kits). The pipeline network is built of 15-25 mm diameter pipes easy to transport and assemble in mountainous conditions.

Technical characteristics:

Operation modes: automatic and manual

Irrigated area: 10 ha

Water consumption: up to 100 m³/day

Average sprinkling (rain) intensity: 0.002-0.008 mm/min

EFFICIENCY: 99%

MOC: 98%

Watering automation level: 100%

Results:

• Ensured water supply according to crops requirements with the account of changing weather conditions and moisture deposits in active soil layer;
• Elimination of : 1) water-induced soil erosion, 2) puddling and 3) discharge run-off;
• No need for water recirculation among irrigation sections.

The KBMC-WUU is an association of legal entities in the form of Union – a voluntary independent non-profit public organization uniting legal entities (i.e. WUAs) based on common interests with the aim of coordinating actions and protecting shared interests and rights.  KBMC-WUU operates as per the Charter approved at the general meeting of water user representatives, has its own stamp and bank account.

Actions:

The creation of KBMC-WUU began with the establishment of the Initiative Group (IG).  The IG consisted of active water specialists, representatives of water users and other stakeholders who saw the need to transit to IWRM.  Further on, the IG carried out social mobilization, drafted necessary documents (the Union’s Charter, etc.), organized the general meeting of water users that approved the Charter and established the Union’s Council (Board).  After that, KBMC-WUU underwent legal registration and officially launched its work.

Results:

• KBMC-WUU established and legally registered;
• KBMC-WUU contributed to the following:

- enhanced stability and uniformity of water supply to WUAs via state WMO;
- better collection of water supply service fees paid by WUAs to state WMO.

• Representing the interests of water users as a member of the RMC Water Committee, KBMC-WUU also contributed to decreasing conflicts between WUAs and WMO.

Lessons learnt:

The advantages of impulse sprinkling irrigation were confirmed by the research efforts on other test sites of KAZNIIVKh in Jambyl Region that allowed increasing biological productivity of Golden Delicious apple variety by 10.1-36.8%, and commercial productivity – by 16.6-49.4% compared to conventional sprinkling irrigation systems.

Recommendations:

It is necessary to continue application of similar practices in foothill areas in Central Asia subject to power supply shortages.

Lessons learnt:

KBMC-WUU performance depends on internal and external factors: capacities (financial, institutional, etc.) of its members (i.e. WUAs) and the level of democracy and market development in the country.  In turn, the growth of capacities of KBMC-WUU members depends on KBMC-WUU performance.

Recommendation:

Currently, WUAs capacities are rather poor which is reflected in KBMC-WUU own underperformance.  Considering that WUA represent the weakest link in water hierarchy and the role of water users in addressing national food, water and environmental security needs, the government should find opportunities to support (first of all, financially) WUAs/ KBMC-WUU during transition period (until they become self-sufficient).

Domestic tools (outcomes of research by domestic R&D organizations)

Foreign tools (transfer of foreign experience)

1. Затраты на внедрение: Высокие

2. Примерная стоимость капиталовложений на 1 га:

3. Затраты на поддержание и эксплуатацию: Высокие

4. Экспертная поддержка: Не требуется

1. Затраты на внедрение: Высокие

2. Примерная стоимость капиталовложений на 1 га:

3. Затраты на поддержание и эксплуатацию: Высокие

4. Экспертная поддержка: Не требуется

Project title: Integrated Water Resources Management in the Fergana Valley (IWRM-Fergana).

Project duration: Jan 01, 2001-Dec 31, 2012 (12 years).

Project goal and objectives: overall project goal was “to contribute to safer living, environmental sustainability and wide social harmony, to support rural restructuring in Central Asian countries by enhancing water resources management based on the example of the Ferghana Valley”.

Project beneficiaries: WUAs, farmers in project sites.

Project implementer: IWMI, SIC of the ICWC, Project Steering Committee (PSC) consisting of 3 representatives of the Ministries of Rural and Water Management (MRWM) of project target countries, 3 heads of Regional Water Administrations hosting project target sites.

N.N. Mirzayev, Guidelines on IWRM Streamlining, Volume 1 (Institutional Aspects), Tashkent, 2011.

SIC ICWC

SIC ICWC