Название практики | Using drip irrigation systems in combination with soil mulching with polyethylene film | Using combined-type drainage in Fergana Region |
---|---|---|
Категория | Водные ресурсы | Водные ресурсы |
Инструмент | Система капельного орошения | Коллекторно-дренажная система |
Сфера использования практики |
|
|
Пригодность практики для адаптации к изменению климата | Умеренная | Умеренная |
Кем реализована практика | K-DEN Farm |
Management Department of the Foundation for Reclamation Improvement of Irrigated Land |
Где использована практика |
Страна: Казахстан Область: Алматинская Район: Алакольский Другой населенный пункт: Yntaly Rural District (320 km away from Taldykorgan (region center)) |
Страна: Узбекистан Область: Ферганская Район: Кувинский Другой населенный пункт: Khamroli-Ota Farm |
Специфика местности, где использована практика | Foothill area |
The site is located in the zone of ground water shallow occurrence |
Когда использована практика |
Дата начала: 01.01.2008 Дата окончания: 31.12.2010 |
Дата начала: 01.01.2010 Дата окончания: 31.12.2012 |
Проблема, которая решается применением практики | After disintegration of large agricultural enterprises (state farms), the maintenance of inter- and intra-farm irrigation systems – that were earlier on the balance of state farms – appeared to exceed the technical capacity of small-scale private and owner-operated farms. Due to this reason, in the majority of agricultural districts the tray irrigation networks got out of order. The wear of the lion’s share of hydraulic engineering facilities in Alakol District reached nearly 70% leading to water losses associated with crops watering – the analysis showed that 40% of water was lost to filtration and evaporation. In its turn, that resulted in ineffective and irrational use of water resources and contraction of irrigated land area. For example, whereas in 2003 water intake for irrigation amounted to 195 mln m3, in 2009 it decreased to 114.8 mln m3 (41.1% drop). Issue: Low efficiency of irrigation water due to wear of hydraulic engineering facilities/installations (tray irrigation system). |
Flooding of settlements; salination of irrigated land |
Примененные в практике инструменты | Drip irrigation in combination with soil mulching with polyethylene film |
GIS-technologies and remote-sensing tools |
Описание практики и ее результаты | Drip irrigation combined with filming has been widely adopted around the world in vegetable and cucurbits cultivation. Thanks to long moisture preservation and proper thermal balance achieved under film, deployment of this technology allows reducing the overall need for irrigation water and receiving earlier and higher crop yields. Actions: The K-DEN Farm was offered to apply drip irrigation through film cover on the area of 5 hectares in Yntaly Rural District. The technique was adapted for project site by Doctor of Engineering R.I. Vagapov. The recommended technology is the most available to local farmers and ensures significant saving of irrigation water. Necessary resources: 1) seeds of vegetable and cucurbit crops; 2) polyethylene film; 3) equipment (DT-75 tractor, seeder, cultivator); 4) labor for preparatory works, sowing and harvest campaigns; 5) expert consultations and training. Results: Financial and economic: The yield of vegetable and cucurbit crops increased twofold compared to two previous years allowing the farm to receive the profit of $12,000/ha in spite of the fact that the whole yield was sold at low price to the local population of Eastern Kazakhstan and Almaty Regions. In particular, the productivity of vegetable crops amounted to 350-400 dt/ha, and cucurbits – 400 dt/ha. Technical: Water saving made 220,040 m3. |
In 1980, specialists of NPO SANIIRI (Research and Development Association “Central Asian Research Institute of Irrigation”) designed and for the first time applied this type of drainage in the Qarshi Steppe where it demonstrated its efficiency. The project was suspended due to lack of funding. The re-launch of the project and installment of a combined drainage system in Kuva District (2010) once again confirmed its high efficiency and profitability, especially in areas of confined underground waters. Further on, the model was applied in Rishtan, Altyarik and Baghdad Districts where it is successfully working. Actions:
Results: Financial and economic: Specific construction costs (sum/ha) of the combined drainage system were twice less compared to horizontal drainage models. Vertical drainage of 1 hectare of land requires 700-800 kWh of energy, whereas the combined drainage is hyperpiestic. Maintenance costs for combined drainage systems are also much lower compared to horizontal and vertical drainage models – specifically, twofold less than for closed horizontal and threefold less for vertical. The combined drainage systems also allowed increasing crops productivity. Technical: The reclamation condition of farm land has improved. |
Какие уроки и рекомендации можно извлечь из практики | Lessons learnt: The practice of drip irrigation in combination with the application of polyethylene film has increased the efficiency of water use and crops productivity as well as reduced labor needs. Recommendations: The widespread deployment of water-saving technologies requires the presence of effective financial incentives for at water consumers.
|
Lessons learnt: The practice has confirmed its high efficiency and profitability of combined-type drainage, especially in areas with confined underground water. Recommendations: It is necessary to widely apply combined-type drainage where hydro-geological conditions allow it. |
Источник практики | R&D product by NPO SANIIRI (Research and Development Association “Central Asian Research Institute of Irrigation”)
|
|
Готовность практики к внедрению |
1. Затраты на внедрение: Высокие 2. Примерная стоимость капиталовложений на 1 га: 3. Затраты на поддержание и эксплуатацию: Высокие 4. Экспертная поддержка: Не требуется |
1. Затраты на внедрение: Высокие 2. Примерная стоимость капиталовложений на 1 га: 3. Затраты на поддержание и эксплуатацию: Высокие 4. Экспертная поддержка: Не требуется |
Краткая информация о проекте | Project title: Integrated preservation of globally significant wetlands as dwelling places of migrating birds. Project duration: May 2008-Sept 2010. Project goal and objectives: assessment of agro-economic and environmental efficiency of technology of sprinkling irrigation on vegetable crops; establishment of optimum watering regimes for vegetable crops based on mist sprinkling irrigation. Project beneficiaries: peasants (farmers) and agricultural producers. Project implementer: K-DEN Farm |
Project title: Application of GIS-technologies for reclamation. Project duration: Jan 2010-Dec 2012 (3 years). Project goal and objectives: comprehensive support of Reclamation Expedition (RE) specialists; introduction of new technologies; enhancing RE technical capacities to ensure a more expedient implementation of projects to improve the reclamation condition of irrigated land with the aim of receiving better agricultural yields with the simultaneous maintenance of environmental equilibrium in the area. Project beneficiaries: Fergana Region and Syr Daria Region Reclamation Expeditions. Project implementer: Management Department of the Foundation for Reclamation Improvement of Irrigated Land. |
Источник финансирования практики | GEF/UNDP, K-DEN Farm | UNDP |
Источники информации о практике | K-DEN Farm, Mr. Afrikan Konstantinovich Kim, farm head (ph.: +7 701 227 27 49, +7 701 672 85 85) |
Ekologicheski Vestnik (Environmental Digest) Journal, Issue 11, 2012 (http://lrf.uz/?p=283&lang=ru).
|
Контактные данные лица, заполнившего форму | SIC ICWC |
SIC ICWC |
Дата заполнения формы | 30.03.2018 | 19.04.2018 |