Comparison of practices

• Use of water resources
• Use of land resources

• Использование водных ресурсов
• Использование земельных ресурсов

Country: Kazakhstan

Province: Almaty region

District: Alakol District

Other settlement: Yntaly Rural District (320 km away from Taldykorgan (region center))

Country: Kazakhstan

Province: Kyzylorda Region

District: Karmakshy District

Other settlement: а/о «Актобе», а/о «III интернационал»

Foothill area

Объект расположен в низовьях реки Сырдарья в полосе межруслового понижения

Start date: 01.01.2008

End date: 31.12.2010

Start date: 01.01.2010

End date: 31.12.2011

After disintegration of large agricultural enterprises (state farms), the maintenance of inter- and intra-farm irrigation systems – that were earlier on the balance of state farms – appeared to exceed the technical capacity of small-scale private and owner-operated farms.  Due to this reason, in the majority of agricultural districts the tray irrigation networks got out of order.  The wear of the lion’s share of hydraulic engineering facilities in Alakol District reached nearly 70% leading to water losses associated with crops watering – the analysis showed that 40% of water was lost to filtration and evaporation.  In its turn, that resulted in ineffective and irrational use of water resources and contraction of irrigated land area.  For example, whereas in 2003 water intake for irrigation amounted to 195 mln m³, in 2009 it decreased to 114.8 mln m³ (41.1% drop).

Issue: Low efficiency of irrigation water due to wear of hydraulic engineering facilities/installations (tray irrigation system).

Усиливаются процессы вторичного засоления земель, отмечено ухудшение работ коллекторно-дренажных систем (КДС).

Drip irrigation in combination with soil mulching with polyethylene film

Комплекс мер по улучшению мелиоративного состояния земель (механизированная очистка коллектора, реконструкция гидротехнических сооружений и др.).

Drip irrigation combined with filming has been widely adopted around the world in vegetable and cucurbits cultivation.  Thanks to long moisture preservation and proper thermal balance achieved under film, deployment of this technology allows reducing the overall need for irrigation water and receiving earlier and higher crop yields.

Actions:

The K-DEN Farm was offered to apply drip irrigation through film cover on the area of 5 hectares in Yntaly Rural District.  The technique was adapted for project site by Doctor of Engineering R.I. Vagapov. The recommended technology is the most available to local farmers and ensures significant saving of irrigation water.

Necessary resources:

1) seeds of vegetable and cucurbit crops;

2) polyethylene film;

3) equipment (DT-75 tractor, seeder, cultivator);

4) labor for preparatory works, sowing and harvest campaigns;

5) expert consultations and training.

Results:

Financial and economic:

The yield of vegetable and cucurbit crops increased twofold compared to two previous years allowing the farm to receive the profit of $12,000/ha in spite of the fact that the whole yield was sold at low price to the local population of Eastern Kazakhstan and Almaty Regions.  In particular, the productivity of vegetable crops amounted to 350-400 dt/ha, and cucurbits – 400 dt/ha.

Technical:

Water saving made 220,040 m³.

Мероприятия:

Необходимость капитального ремонта межхозяйственного Западно-Кармакшинского коллектора (ЗКК) вызвана тем, что существующее его состояние не обеспечивало своевременного водоотвода дренажно-сбросных вод с посевных площадей с Левобережного массива.

Результаты:

Финансово-экономические:
Увеличилась урожайность сельхозкультур – в основном риса и кормовых культур

Технические:
Улучшилось мелиоративное состояние Левобережного массива

Lessons learnt:

The practice of drip irrigation in combination with the application of polyethylene film has increased the efficiency of water use and crops productivity as well as reduced labor needs.

Recommendations:

The widespread deployment of water-saving technologies requires the presence of effective financial incentives for at water consumers.

• Domestic tools (outcomes of research by domestic R&D organizations),
• Foreign tools (transfer of foreign experience)

Уроки:

Вклад средств в очистку КДС намного эффективней других мероприятий.

Рекомендации:

Нужно регулярно и своевременно проводить текущие и капитальные механические очистки коллекторов

Отечественные инструменты (результат разработок отечественных научно-исследовательских структур)

1. Cost of implementation: High

2. Approximate cost of investment per 1 ha:

3. O&M costs: High

4. Expert support: Not needed

1. Cost of implementation: High

2. Approximate cost of investment per 1 ha:

3. O&M costs: Moderate

4. Expert support: Needed at O&M stage

Project title: Integrated preservation of globally significant wetlands as dwelling places of migrating birds.

Project duration: May 2008-Sept 2010.

Project goal and objectives: assessment of agro-economic and environmental efficiency of technology of sprinkling irrigation on vegetable crops; establishment of optimum watering regimes for vegetable crops based on mist sprinkling irrigation.

Project beneficiaries: peasants (farmers) and agricultural producers.

Project implementer: K-DEN Farm

K-DEN Farm,

Mr. Afrikan Konstantinovich Kim, farm head

(ph.: +7 701 227 27 49, +7 701 672 85 85)

SIC ICWC

НИЦ МКВК