Сравнение практик

Use of water resources

• Use of water resources
• Use of land resources

Страна: Кыргызстан

Страна: Таджикистан

Область: Районы республиканского подчинения

Район: Рудакинский

Другой населенный пункт: Radzhabov Farm

Transboundary river

• Located in the irrigated agriculture zone;
• Ground water occurrence below 5 meters;
• Typical gray soil, surface slope – 0.04.

Дата начала: 01.04.2012

Дата окончания: 31.10.2016

Дата начала: 01.01.2000

Дата окончания: 31.12.2003

Imperfections of the water management mechanism in the Isfara small transboundary river basin

Shortage of irrigation water;
Poor yields;
Low irrigation efficiency;
Eroded soil;
Low income of farmers.

The principle of stakeholder engagement in decision-making associated with water management of small transboundary river; IWRM planning technique

Corn drip irrigation system

The Aspara River originates in the Western Tien Shan on the territory of Kyrgyzstan and flows northwards crossing the border with Kazakhstan.  The river’s total length exceeds 44 km, and its catchment area amounts to approximately 66 km².  The Aspara River Basin is located in Chu Region in Kyrgyzstan’s northwest and Jambyl Region in Southern Kazakhstan.  The basin is shared by several different ethnicities where they live and work.  The basin’s population is rapidly growing, and the agriculture is developing.  In many places along the course of the river, especially in its lower streams, the water doesn't meet quality and sanitary standards.  Liquid waste produced by the population, industry and livestock production as well as solid waste constitute major sources of environmental pollution.

Project efforts were carried out in Jambyl Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan and Chu Region of the Kyrgyz Republic.

Actions:

Establishment of 2 stakeholder groups, i.e. Small Basin Councils (SBC) – on both Kazakhstan’s and Kyrgyzstan’s sides of the river – representing local authorities, NGOs, water users and local communities.  The SBCs already held 6 joint meetings proving the value of SBCs as platforms to exchange opinions and information as well as take joint decisions on enhancing the overall situation in the basin.

In addition, hydrometric posts were reconstructed and underwent certification, and the automated water distribution and accounting system was installed on the Mailybai Canal. The water supply system in the village of Cholok-Aryk also underwent reconstructed.  A demo-site to demonstrate drip irrigation equipment and technology was established on the premises of Ravshan Farm receiving its irrigation water via the Mailybai Canal.

Results:

Thus, the creation of national Small Basin Councils (SBC) on the Aspara River ensured a platform for exchanging opinions and information as well as joint decision-making to improve the overall situation in the Aspara River Basin, including the development of the IWRM basin-specific plan.

Actions:

• Project design and budgeting, procurement of drip irrigation system;
• Installation of drip irrigation system, corn planting and cultivation, crop care;
• Accounting of water and resources.

Results:

Financial and economic:

increased labor productivity and farmer incomes, reduced production costs.

Ecological:

production of ecologically clean goods; prevention of water losses and soil erosion as well as improving soil ecological and reclamation condition.

Technical:

twofold (52%) increase of corn yields compared to furrow irrigation, 51% saving of irrigation water.

Social:

increased wellbeing of local residents due to better agricultural yields; reduced hard manual labor.

Lessons learnt:

Introduction of IWRM principles is the pre-requisite of stable and fair water supply irrespective of a given water user’s location.

Recommendations:

Currently, when local stakeholders are represented in SBCs and are engaged in joint water management, it is necessary to continue the capacity-building efforts to build-up SBCs’ efficiency.  In the long term, it might be necessary and possible to establish a joint body to manage the whole Aspara River Basin shared by Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

Lessons learnt:

Application of drip irrigation ensures higher corn productivity and water saving as well as allows improving soil structure, watering efficiency, etc.

Recommendations:

It is necessary to widely introduce drip irrigation systems to build up the efficiency of water and land resources, reduce manual labor costs and save irrigation water.

Foreign tools (transfer of foreign experience)

Domestic tools (outcomes of research by domestic R&D organizations)

1. Затраты на внедрение: Высокие

2. Примерная стоимость капиталовложений на 1 га:

3. Затраты на поддержание и эксплуатацию: Высокие

4. Экспертная поддержка: Не требуется

1. Затраты на внедрение: Высокие

2. Примерная стоимость капиталовложений на 1 га: $3,500/ha

3. Затраты на поддержание и эксплуатацию: Высокие

4. Экспертная поддержка: Требуется на стадии внедрения

Development and implementation of basin plans constitute principal elements of integrated water resources management.  Multi-agency coordination mechanism via basin councils or coordination groups is an important advantage of IWRM.  This approach allows streamlined coordination and synergy of actions on all levels of management hierarchy.

Project title: Stakeholder partnership in joint policy-making: assistance to transboundary cooperation in small watersheds of Central Asia.

Project duration: Apr 2012-Oct 2016

Project goal and objectives: introduction of the integrated water resources management (IWRM) practice in three transboundary watersheds and its scaling-up in Central Asia.

Project beneficiaries: communities of the Aspara small transboundary river basin, specialists of water and environmental agencies, farmers.

Project implementer: USAID/CAREC.

Project title: Drip irrigation of corn in Gissar District.

Project duration: early 2000-late 2003.

Project goal and objectives: introduction of drip irrigation systems for corn; observance of optimal irrigation mode(s) and techniques ensuring 100 dt/ha and above corn yields with minimal energy consumption in the conditions of the Gissar Valley.

Project beneficiaries: land and water users of Yu. Radzhabov Farm

Project implementer: NPO “TajikNIIGiM”.

carecnet.org

Research report by NPO “TajikNIIGiM”, Dushanbe, 2003, 46 p.

SIC ICWC

SIC ICWC