Сравнение практик

Use of water resources

• Use of water resources
• Use of land resources

Страна: Кыргызстан

Страна: Узбекистан

Область: Ташкентская

Район: Паркентский

Другой населенный пункт: Baikazan Farm

Transboundary river

Steep foothill terrain

Дата начала: 01.04.2012

Дата окончания: 31.10.2016

Дата начала: 01.01.2006

Дата окончания: 31.12.2006

Imperfections of the water management mechanism in the Isfara small transboundary river basin

Issues: loss of water in temporary water distributers, low plot use ratio, difficulties with regulating water supply to irrigation furrows, low irrigator labor productivity

The principle of stakeholder engagement in decision-making associated with water management of small transboundary river; IWRM planning technique

Portable polyethylene trays (PPL-50) of semi-circular section

The Aspara River originates in the Western Tien Shan on the territory of Kyrgyzstan and flows northwards crossing the border with Kazakhstan.  The river’s total length exceeds 44 km, and its catchment area amounts to approximately 66 km².  The Aspara River Basin is located in Chu Region in Kyrgyzstan’s northwest and Jambyl Region in Southern Kazakhstan.  The basin is shared by several different ethnicities where they live and work.  The basin’s population is rapidly growing, and the agriculture is developing.  In many places along the course of the river, especially in its lower streams, the water doesn't meet quality and sanitary standards.  Liquid waste produced by the population, industry and livestock production as well as solid waste constitute major sources of environmental pollution.

Project efforts were carried out in Jambyl Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan and Chu Region of the Kyrgyz Republic.

Actions:

Establishment of 2 stakeholder groups, i.e. Small Basin Councils (SBC) – on both Kazakhstan’s and Kyrgyzstan’s sides of the river – representing local authorities, NGOs, water users and local communities.  The SBCs already held 6 joint meetings proving the value of SBCs as platforms to exchange opinions and information as well as take joint decisions on enhancing the overall situation in the basin.

In addition, hydrometric posts were reconstructed and underwent certification, and the automated water distribution and accounting system was installed on the Mailybai Canal. The water supply system in the village of Cholok-Aryk also underwent reconstructed.  A demo-site to demonstrate drip irrigation equipment and technology was established on the premises of Ravshan Farm receiving its irrigation water via the Mailybai Canal.

Results:

Thus, the creation of national Small Basin Councils (SBC) on the Aspara River ensured a platform for exchanging opinions and information as well as joint decision-making to improve the overall situation in the Aspara River Basin, including the development of the IWRM basin-specific plan.

Actions:

1. Water supply using PPL-50 is possible from: a) reinforced concrete trays, b) covered network, c) temporary earthen water distributers;
2. Prior to watering, the trays are manually distributed along the route and installed with required inclination perpendicular to the furrows in the beginning of the irrigated site. Sections are inserted into each other;
3. After adjustment, the kit is capable of ensuring the desired watering regime;
4. In case of long furrows (150+ m) layer watering is used with the application of flexible polyethylene film hoses (D=300 mm);
5. Depending on specific site conditions, inter-row spacing and crop type, the size of irrigation streams is regulated by way of adjusting the water supply control gate.

Results:

• 20-30% reduction of field unproductive losses;
• Increased productivity (2-4 dt/ha for wheat, 3-4 dt/ha for cotton);
• At least twofold increase of irrigator labor productivity;
• Increased land use ratio (1.5-2.5%).

Lessons learnt:

Introduction of IWRM principles is the pre-requisite of stable and fair water supply irrespective of a given water user’s location.

Recommendations:

Currently, when local stakeholders are represented in SBCs and are engaged in joint water management, it is necessary to continue the capacity-building efforts to build-up SBCs’ efficiency.  In the long term, it might be necessary and possible to establish a joint body to manage the whole Aspara River Basin shared by Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

Lessons learnt:

PPL-50 can be used for watering cotton with 0.9 and 0.6 m row-spacing as well as vegetable and cucurbit crops with 0.3 m row-spacing.

Recommendations:

It is recommended to apply:

• PPL-50 (D=300 mm) in steep foothill conditions;
• PPL-50 (D=500 mm) in flat terrain;
• Prior to using the system in flat terrain conditions, it is desirable to do land planning.

Foreign tools (transfer of foreign experience)

Domestic tools (outcomes of research by domestic R&D organizations)

1. Затраты на внедрение: Высокие

2. Примерная стоимость капиталовложений на 1 га:

3. Затраты на поддержание и эксплуатацию: Высокие

4. Экспертная поддержка: Не требуется

1. Затраты на внедрение: Умеренные

2. Примерная стоимость капиталовложений на 1 га: $7.6

3. Затраты на поддержание и эксплуатацию: Умеренные

4. Экспертная поддержка: Требуется на стадии внедрения

Development and implementation of basin plans constitute principal elements of integrated water resources management.  Multi-agency coordination mechanism via basin councils or coordination groups is an important advantage of IWRM.  This approach allows streamlined coordination and synergy of actions on all levels of management hierarchy.

Project title: Stakeholder partnership in joint policy-making: assistance to transboundary cooperation in small watersheds of Central Asia.

Project duration: Apr 2012-Oct 2016

Project goal and objectives: introduction of the integrated water resources management (IWRM) practice in three transboundary watersheds and its scaling-up in Central Asia.

Project beneficiaries: communities of the Aspara small transboundary river basin, specialists of water and environmental agencies, farmers.

Project implementer: USAID/CAREC.

Project title: Adaptation of contour furrows and layer watering via portable trays: research on establishing permanent furrows on the premises of Baikazan Farm of Parkent District.

Project duration: 2005-2006.

Project goal and objectives: improve local living standards and food security among rural residents as well as preserve soil fertility in farms located on sloped terrain by way of watering via contour furrows based on the greatest inclination and layer arrangement of assembly polyethylene trays.  The short-term project objective was to demonstrate the technology of watering via contour furrows based on the greatest inclination of sloped terrain and layer arrangement of assembly polyethylene trays.

Project beneficiaries: farms and dekhan farms.

Project implementer: ICARDA

carecnet.org

SIC ICWC

SIC ICWC