Сравнение практик

Use of water resources

• Use of water resources
• Use of land resources
• Environmental protection

Страна: Кыргызстан

Страна: Узбекистан

Область: Сырдарьинская

Transboundary river

• Basins of the Syr Darya and Amu Darya Rivers;
• Shallow ground water occurrence;
• Newly reclaimed landmass;
• Soil with high filtration ratio (over 0.1 m/day);
• landmass with low reclamation suitability and profitability.

Дата начала: 01.04.2012

Дата окончания: 31.10.2016

Дата начала: 01.01.1965

Дата окончания: 31.12.1968

Imperfections of the water management mechanism in the Isfara small transboundary river basin

• Low efficiency of irrigation canals;
• rising ground water level;
• soil bogging;
• land salination.

Application of the technique sharply increases local water availability due to enhanced efficiency of irrigation networks (systems). Double coating of canal sides and bottom results in practically complete elimination of water filtration (0.97-0.98 per canal). Crop productivity grows thanks to better water availability, uniformity and timeliness of water supply and distribution.

The principle of stakeholder engagement in decision-making associated with water management of small transboundary river; IWRM planning technique

Technology of anti-filtration canal panning with polymeric film.

The Aspara River originates in the Western Tien Shan on the territory of Kyrgyzstan and flows northwards crossing the border with Kazakhstan.  The river’s total length exceeds 44 km, and its catchment area amounts to approximately 66 km².  The Aspara River Basin is located in Chu Region in Kyrgyzstan’s northwest and Jambyl Region in Southern Kazakhstan.  The basin is shared by several different ethnicities where they live and work.  The basin’s population is rapidly growing, and the agriculture is developing.  In many places along the course of the river, especially in its lower streams, the water doesn't meet quality and sanitary standards.  Liquid waste produced by the population, industry and livestock production as well as solid waste constitute major sources of environmental pollution.

Project efforts were carried out in Jambyl Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan and Chu Region of the Kyrgyz Republic.

Actions:

Establishment of 2 stakeholder groups, i.e. Small Basin Councils (SBC) – on both Kazakhstan’s and Kyrgyzstan’s sides of the river – representing local authorities, NGOs, water users and local communities.  The SBCs already held 6 joint meetings proving the value of SBCs as platforms to exchange opinions and information as well as take joint decisions on enhancing the overall situation in the basin.

In addition, hydrometric posts were reconstructed and underwent certification, and the automated water distribution and accounting system was installed on the Mailybai Canal. The water supply system in the village of Cholok-Aryk also underwent reconstructed.  A demo-site to demonstrate drip irrigation equipment and technology was established on the premises of Ravshan Farm receiving its irrigation water via the Mailybai Canal.

Results:

Thus, the creation of national Small Basin Councils (SBC) on the Aspara River ensured a platform for exchanging opinions and information as well as joint decision-making to improve the overall situation in the Aspara River Basin, including the development of the IWRM basin-specific plan.

There are different ways to prevent water filtration in distribution canals: anti-filtration canal coating with cast concrete, reinforced concrete plates, polymeric film, etc.  Separate use of these materials does not yield expected outcomes.  Fragility and lack of durability of polymeric film led to suspending its use.

Actions:

In 1965-1968, the mechanized (automated) way of canal panning with reinforced concrete plates and/or cast concrete in combination with polymeric film coating was introduced.  Initially, the canal’s perimeter was covered with black polyethylene film overlaid with reinforced concrete plates and/or cast concrete.  Experience shows that such canals are durable and are still operating today, although in recent years operational costs have significantly decreased.

Results:

Canals built with reinforced (cast) concrete panning in combination with polymeric film coating lose almost no water.  For example, in UR-24 and UR 25-9 Canals in Pakhtakor District -- where such panning was used for the first time – water losses dropped 20-30 times, and operational costs also sharply decreased compared to other facilities with different anti-filtration coating.  Water losses on the Right Branch of the SGC (discharge capacity – over 50 m³/s) amounted to only 1.8 l/s per 1 km.

Lessons learnt:

Introduction of IWRM principles is the pre-requisite of stable and fair water supply irrespective of a given water user’s location.

Recommendations:

Currently, when local stakeholders are represented in SBCs and are engaged in joint water management, it is necessary to continue the capacity-building efforts to build-up SBCs’ efficiency.  In the long term, it might be necessary and possible to establish a joint body to manage the whole Aspara River Basin shared by Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

In recent years, Uzbekistan has been rendering significant attention to rehabilitation and refitting of its hydro-reclamation networks and even established a special Reclamation Fund.  In this regard, it is necessary to re-launch the practice of combatting water loss in supply canals by means of reinforced (cast) concrete coating combined with polyethylene film coating, especially with the account that domestic plants are currently manufacturing large volumes of polyethylene products.

Foreign tools (transfer of foreign experience)

Domestic tools (outcomes of research by domestic R&D organizations)

1. Затраты на внедрение: Высокие

2. Примерная стоимость капиталовложений на 1 га:

3. Затраты на поддержание и эксплуатацию: Высокие

4. Экспертная поддержка: Не требуется

1. Затраты на внедрение: Высокие

2. Примерная стоимость капиталовложений на 1 га:

3. Затраты на поддержание и эксплуатацию: Высокие

4. Экспертная поддержка: Не требуется

Development and implementation of basin plans constitute principal elements of integrated water resources management.  Multi-agency coordination mechanism via basin councils or coordination groups is an important advantage of IWRM.  This approach allows streamlined coordination and synergy of actions on all levels of management hierarchy.

Project title: Stakeholder partnership in joint policy-making: assistance to transboundary cooperation in small watersheds of Central Asia.

Project duration: Apr 2012-Oct 2016

Project goal and objectives: introduction of the integrated water resources management (IWRM) practice in three transboundary watersheds and its scaling-up in Central Asia.

Project beneficiaries: communities of the Aspara small transboundary river basin, specialists of water and environmental agencies, farmers.

Project implementer: USAID/CAREC.

Project title: Combatting water filtration in canals.

Project duration: 1965-1968.

Project goal and objectives: reduce water losses due to filtration in irrigation canals.

Project beneficiaries: population in SGC area.

Project implementer: “Golodnostepstroy” Irrigation System Administration.

carecnet.org

• Dukhovny, V.A. (technique developer);
• Irrigation of Uzbekistan, vol. 2 and 4, Tashkent, 1981;
• Poslavsky, V.V. et al., “Use of plastics in irrigation”, Tashkent, 1963;
• Dukhovny, V.A., “Irrigation and development of Golodnaya Step”, M.: Kolos, 1973;
• Bogushevsky, A.A. et al., “Agricultural hydro-technical reclamations”, ed. by E.S. Markov. M.: Kolos, 1981.

SIC ICWC

SIC ICWC