Сравнение практик

Use of water resources

Страна: Кыргызстан

Страна: Кыргызстан

Область: Таласская

Transboundary river

The Chu and Talas Rivers Basins are shared by two riparian countries – Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.  Whereas the rivers’ runoff formation zone is located in the mountainous areas of the Kyrgyz Republic, the zone of the rivers’ drain dispersion and balancing is located on the territory of Kazakhstan.

Chu is the main river of the watershed and mainly forms its drain in Kyrgyzstan (Kochkor Depression at the confluence of the Dzhuanaryk and Kochkor Rivers).

The relief of the basin’s upper streams is represented by deeply dissected slopes of the Dzhumgol, Karakokta, Baidula, and Karakudzhur Ridges, eastern tail of the Kyrgyz Ridge and western tail of the Terskey-Ala-Too.  Passing the Lake Issyk-Kul through the narrow Boom Gorge, the Chu enters the cognominal valley to accept several large and small tributaries: Chon-Kemin (right-bank) and Kyzyl-Suu, Shamsi, Kegety, Issyk-Ata, Alamedin, Ala-Archa, Ak-Suu, Sokuluk, Kara-Balta, Chon-Kahindy, Aspara, etc. (left-bank) flowing from the northern slope of the Kyrgyz Ridge.  The plain of the Chu Depression gradually descends from 1300 m (east) to 120 m (west) ASL.

The Talas River Basin borders the Chu Depression in its lower section in southwestern Kazakhstan, and the rivers’ sources are located at the junction point of the Kyrgyz and Talas Ridges radiating westwards on the territory of Kyrgyzstan.  The Chu-Talas Watershed is represented by the Muyun-Kum High Plain with the absolute mark of about 390 m on the meridian of the mouth of the Talas River and ascending in southeast direction. The watershed line of the Karatau Ridge serves the southern border of the Talas Basin.

Due to varying relief, vegetation and soils in the Chu and Talas Basins are rather diverse as well.  With elevation, desert and semi-desert landscapes featuring the basin’s plain section and intermountain troughs are replaced with steppe, meadow, and forest complexes, and later on with sub-alpine and alpine meadows and grasslands.

Practice scale:

Total basin area:

• Talas River Basin – 52 700 km²;
• Chu River Basin – 67 500 km².

In the Kyrgyz Republic:

• 41 270 km² (Talas River Basin – 78.3%);
• 35 900 km² (Chu River Basin – 57.5%).

In the Republic of Kazakhstan:

• 11 340 km² (Talas River Basin – 21.7%);
• 26 600 km² (Chu River Basin – 42.5%).

Дата начала: 01.04.2012

Дата окончания: 31.10.2016

Дата начала: 01.01.2013

Дата окончания: 31.12.2014

Imperfections of the water management mechanism in the Isfara small transboundary river basin

Insufficient development of the legal framework regulating interactions and coordinated cooperation in water resource management of the transboundary Chu and Talas Rivers and use of interstate water management facilities

The principle of stakeholder engagement in decision-making associated with water management of small transboundary river; IWRM planning technique

Regulation tools: development of a project document for review (by the Chu-Talas Water Management Commission, further on by the national Ministries of Foreign Affairs (MFAs)) and adoption of relevant decisions, rules and laws

The Aspara River originates in the Western Tien Shan on the territory of Kyrgyzstan and flows northwards crossing the border with Kazakhstan.  The river’s total length exceeds 44 km, and its catchment area amounts to approximately 66 km².  The Aspara River Basin is located in Chu Region in Kyrgyzstan’s northwest and Jambyl Region in Southern Kazakhstan.  The basin is shared by several different ethnicities where they live and work.  The basin’s population is rapidly growing, and the agriculture is developing.  In many places along the course of the river, especially in its lower streams, the water doesn't meet quality and sanitary standards.  Liquid waste produced by the population, industry and livestock production as well as solid waste constitute major sources of environmental pollution.

Project efforts were carried out in Jambyl Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan and Chu Region of the Kyrgyz Republic.

Actions:

Establishment of 2 stakeholder groups, i.e. Small Basin Councils (SBC) – on both Kazakhstan’s and Kyrgyzstan’s sides of the river – representing local authorities, NGOs, water users and local communities.  The SBCs already held 6 joint meetings proving the value of SBCs as platforms to exchange opinions and information as well as take joint decisions on enhancing the overall situation in the basin.

In addition, hydrometric posts were reconstructed and underwent certification, and the automated water distribution and accounting system was installed on the Mailybai Canal. The water supply system in the village of Cholok-Aryk also underwent reconstructed.  A demo-site to demonstrate drip irrigation equipment and technology was established on the premises of Ravshan Farm receiving its irrigation water via the Mailybai Canal.

Results:

Thus, the creation of national Small Basin Councils (SBC) on the Aspara River ensured a platform for exchanging opinions and information as well as joint decision-making to improve the overall situation in the Aspara River Basin, including the development of the IWRM basin-specific plan.

Actions:

Based on preliminary consultations in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, the expert team drafted the project document (including, the first international) for preliminary review by the key partners, including the State Agency for Environmental Protection and Forestry (SAEPF) and the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation (MALR) of the Kyrgyz Republic.  Based on the SAEPF feedback, an additional environment expert was invited to mainstream water resource quality monitoring and assessment aspects into the document.

The expert also executed a series of recommendations that were further integrated into the final version of the project document.  In February 2014, the preliminary version of the project document was submitted to and jointly reviewed with the Secretariat of the Chu-Talas Water Management Commission in Bishkek. The consultations allowed gaining support (joint project funding and implementation) on behalf of MALR of Kyrgyzstan, Water Resources Committee (WRC) of the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) of Kazakhstan, SAEPF with the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic, Hydrometeorological Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations (MES) of Kyrgyzstan, SDC (Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation), UNDP and UNECE.  To facilitate the suitable conditions for launching the transboundary project, SAEPF was assisted in drafting the bylaws “Rules of Protecting Surface Water” and “Rules of Protecting Underground Water” serving as the legal foundation for executing joint water quality monitoring, including in the Chu and Talas River Basins.  The project document was also submitted to the GEF Secretariat.  GEF Secretariat comments were reviewed and accounted for.  The project was approved in September 2014.

To optimize costs, the Meeting of the Project Review Committee (PRC) (GEF/UNDP/UNECE Project “Promoting transboundary cooperation and integrated water resource management in the Chu and Talas River Basins”) was held back-to-back with the Meeting of the Chu-Talas Water Management Commission.

As per PRC recommendations, the project document was submitted to the MFAs of the hosting countries (in Kyrgyzstan -- on behalf of SAEPF, and in Kazakhstan – on behalf of UNDP Kazakhstan).

Results:

The mid-size Project “Promoting transboundary cooperation and integrated water resource management in the Chu and Talas River Basins” was designed in due time based on the approved Concept and in compliance with the UNDP/GEF rules and procedures, including the requirements of the GEF International Waters Work-stream, and submitted to the GEF Secretariat.

Lessons learnt:

Introduction of IWRM principles is the pre-requisite of stable and fair water supply irrespective of a given water user’s location.

Recommendations:

Currently, when local stakeholders are represented in SBCs and are engaged in joint water management, it is necessary to continue the capacity-building efforts to build-up SBCs’ efficiency.  In the long term, it might be necessary and possible to establish a joint body to manage the whole Aspara River Basin shared by Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

Lessons learnt:

Improved coordination and implementation of activities by water management organizations of the Chu and Talas Basins as the result of fulfilling project requirements and scope.

Recommendations:

The cooperation experience was positive and can be scaled-up in other river basins of interstate value.

Foreign tools (transfer of foreign experience)

Foreign tools (transfer of foreign experience)

1. Затраты на внедрение: Высокие

2. Примерная стоимость капиталовложений на 1 га:

3. Затраты на поддержание и эксплуатацию: Высокие

4. Экспертная поддержка: Не требуется

1. Затраты на внедрение: Высокие

2. Примерная стоимость капиталовложений на 1 га:

3. Затраты на поддержание и эксплуатацию: Высокие

4. Экспертная поддержка: Не требуется

Development and implementation of basin plans constitute principal elements of integrated water resources management.  Multi-agency coordination mechanism via basin councils or coordination groups is an important advantage of IWRM.  This approach allows streamlined coordination and synergy of actions on all levels of management hierarchy.

Project title: Stakeholder partnership in joint policy-making: assistance to transboundary cooperation in small watersheds of Central Asia.

Project duration: Apr 2012-Oct 2016

Project goal and objectives: introduction of the integrated water resources management (IWRM) practice in three transboundary watersheds and its scaling-up in Central Asia.

Project beneficiaries: communities of the Aspara small transboundary river basin, specialists of water and environmental agencies, farmers.

Project implementer: USAID/CAREC.

Project title: GEF/UNDP/UNECE Project “Promoting transboundary cooperation and integrated water resource management in the Chu and Talas River Basins”.

Project duration: 2013-2014.

Project goal and objectives: strengthen transboundary cooperation and promote integrated water resource management in the Chu and Talas River Basins, and expand the authority of the Water Resources Commission of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic.

Project beneficiaries: residents and water management organizations of the Chu and Talas River Basins in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.

Project implementer: United Nations Development Programme.

Project donors: Global Environmental Facility, MALR of the KR, WRC with the MoA of the RK, SAEPF with the Government of Kyrgyzstan, Hydrometeorological Service with the MES of the RK, SDC, UNDP and UNECE (joint project funding and implementation).

Responsible agency: UN Development Programme

carecnet.org

Promoting cooperation in climate change adaptation in the Chu and Talas River Basins (Main Report, Feb 2014);

Report on UNDP activities under the Environment and Power Dimension in 2014
(https://info.undp.org/docs /pdc/Documents/KGZ/Annual%20report%20to%20SAEPF%202014%20final.pdf) 

SIC ICWC

SIC ICWC