Интерактивная карта лучших практик

по использованию водных, земельных и энергетических ресурсов,
а также окружающей среды Центральной Азии

Сравнение практик

Название практики Establishment of the Aravan-Akbura Main Canal Water User Union (AAMC-WUU) Increasing water availability of desert pastures
Категория Водные ресурсы Водные ресурсы
Инструмент Принцип общественного участия Система повышения водообеспеченности
Сфера использования практики

Use of water resources

  • Use of water resources
  • Use of land resources
  • Environmental protection
Пригодность практики для адаптации к изменению климата Умеренная Высокая
Кем реализована практика Scientific and Information Center (SIC) of Interstate Commission for Water Coordination (ICWC) and Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC)
Ministry of Nature Protection of Turkmenistan and German Technical Cooperation Agency (GIZ)
Где использована практика

Страна: Кыргызстан

Область: Ошская

Район: Кара-Сууский

Страна: Туркменистан

Область: Ахалская

Другой населенный пункт: Yerbent

Специфика местности, где использована практика

Akbura River Basin

The site (nearly 842,000 hectares; population of 8,000 people) is located in the Central Kara Kum Desert. The relief is represented by the combination of “barkhans” (sand dunes) of various forms and “takyr” (dry-type playa) depressions. The majority of the area is covered by desert pastures.

Когда использована практика

Дата начала: 01.01.2007

Дата окончания: 31.12.2017

Дата начала: 01.01.2009

Дата окончания: 31.12.2010

Проблема, которая решается применением практики

Low level of coordination among WUAs – as a rule, each WUA liaises independently with its water management organization (WMO).

As soon as people began to lead a settled life, they shifted away from the traditional way of livestock grazing. The land became subject to strenuous exploitation, especially near settlements and watering sites.  Saxaul thickets were cut down for heating and cooking purposes.  The thickets were unable to restore over time due to overgrazing. Frequent movement of sand dunes and severe sandstorms threaten not only dwellings and social infrastructure, but also degrade soil and destroy the limited number of available water wells. Degraded pastures fail to yield enough livestock forage. The shortage of watering sites leads to consolidation of large numbers of animals around existing wells.  Structural changes in livestock production (more goats and cattle instead of camels; more unprotected pastures around settlements instead of distant pastures) lead to vegetation cover degradation, in particular, around settlements and watering sites.

Примененные в практике инструменты

Methods of integration and social mobilization

Technology for combatting desertification and droughts by proper management of wells and watering sites (construction and repair of wells, building mechanical protection from reed mats and Saxaul saplings)

Описание практики и ее результаты

The AAMC-WUU is an association of legal entities in the form of Union – a voluntary independent non-profit public organization uniting legal entities (i.e. WUAs) based on common interests with the aim of coordinating actions and protecting shared interests and rights.  AAMC-WUU operates as per the Charter approved at the general meeting of water user representatives, has its own stamp and bank account.

Actions:

The creation of AAMC-WUU began with the establishment of the Initiative Group (IG).  The IG consisted of active water specialists, representatives of water users and other stakeholders who saw the need to transit to IWRM.  Further on, the IG carried out social mobilization, drafted necessary documents (the Union’s Charter, etc.), organized the general meeting of water users that approved the Charter and established the Union’s Council (Board).  After that, AAMC-WUU underwent legal registration and officially launched its work.

Results:

  • AAMC-WUU established, legally registered and has been operating until present time;
  • AAMC-WUU contributed to the following:
    - enhanced stability and uniformity of water supply to WUAs via state WMO;
    - better collection of water supply service fees paid by WUAs to state WMO.
  • Representing the interests of water users as a member of the RMC Water Committee, AAMC-WUU also contributed to decreasing conflicts between WUAs and WMO.

Actions:

8 new wells built and 6 existing wells repaired, and mechanical protection (reed mats and Saxaul saplings) set up on the territory of 27 hectares.  Water wells also underwent small-scale repair and construction to expand the area of pasturable land and prevent localized degradation.

Results:

After the restoration of wells, desert pastures became subject to even and rational use; installation of mechanical protection allowed to stop the approaching sand dunes around settlements.

Какие уроки и рекомендации можно извлечь из практики

Lessons learnt:

The effectiveness of AAMC-WUU depends on internal and external conditions: capacities (financial, institutional, etc.) of its members (i.e. WUAs) and the level of democracy and market development in a given country.  In turn, the growth of capacities of AAMC-WUU members depends on AAMC-WUU performance.

Recommendation:

Currently, WUAs capacities are rather poor which is reflected in AAMC-WUA own underperformance.  Considering that WUA represent the weakest link in water hierarchy and the role of water users in addressing national food, water and environmental security needs, the government should find opportunities to support (first of all, financially) WUAs/AAMC-WUU during transition period (until they become self-sufficient).

Lessons learnt:

The capacity of watering sites was increased by way of improving the existing infrastructure and, where possible, building new wells infrastructure.  The newly drilled wells significantly aid local population in maintaining their livestock and households.

Recommendations:

It is necessary to test traditional drought-resistant grain crops.

Источник практики

Foreign tools (transfer of foreign experience)

  • Traditional tools transferred from generation to generation that proved their efficiency in modern conditions;
  • Domestic tools (outcomes of research by domestic R&D organizations)
Готовность практики к внедрению

1. Затраты на внедрение: Высокие

2. Примерная стоимость капиталовложений на 1 га:

3. Затраты на поддержание и эксплуатацию: Высокие

4. Экспертная поддержка: Не требуется

1. Затраты на внедрение: Высокие

2. Примерная стоимость капиталовложений на 1 га:

3. Затраты на поддержание и эксплуатацию: Высокие

4. Экспертная поддержка: Не требуется

Краткая информация о проекте

Project title: Integrated Water Resources Management in the Fergana Valley (IWRM-Fergana).

Project duration: Jan 01, 2001-Dec 31, 2012 (12 years).

Project goal and objectives: overall project goal was “to contribute to safer living, environmental sustainability and wide social harmony, to support rural restructuring in Central Asian countries by enhancing water resources management based on the example of the Ferghana Valley”.

Project beneficiaries: WUAs, farmers in project sites.

Project implementer: IWMI, SIC of the ICWC, Project Steering Committee (PSC) consisting of 3 representatives of the Ministries of Rural and Water Management (MRWM) of project target countries, 3 heads of Regional Water Administrations hosting project target sites.

Project title: Local-level capacity building and investment for sustainable management of land resources.

Project duration: 2009-2010.

Project goal and objectives: combating desertification and droughts.

Project beneficiaries: farmers and representatives of local executive bodies in several settlements.

Project implementer: Ministry of Nature Protection of Turkmenistan and German Technical Cooperation Agency (GIZ).

Источник финансирования практики Grant from the Swiss Government via SDC UNDP and Global Environmental Facility
Источники информации о практике

Guidelines on IWRM streamlining, Volume 1 (Institutional Aspects), Tashkent 2011.

http://www.turkmenistan.ru/?page_id=3&lang_id=ru&elem_id=17207&type=event&layout=print&sort=date_desc 

Контактные данные лица, заполнившего форму

SIC ICWC

SIC ICWC

Дата заполнения формы 02.04.2018 17.04.2018

Партнеры