| Специфика местности, где использована практика |
The Maktaaral Irrigation Massif has 220 vertical drainage wells (VDW), but currently practically all of them are not operational. The highest level of ground water occurrence in Maktaaral Irrigation Massif falls on December-February after completion of fall irrigation washings and water-charging. The beginning of vegetation season (April-May) is characterized by receding ground water table.
The second ground water table rise occurs during mass vegetation watering of main crops, as a rule in July-August.
The vertical drainage system in Maktaaral Irrigation Massif does not operate on permanent basis, but mainly during fall and winter (irrigation washing, water charging) and during the vegetation season at the time of insufficient irrigation water supply. |
Foothill zone in southeastern Kazakhstan, dark-chestnut and middle loamy soils |
| Описание практики и ее результаты |
The pipeless water-lifting device allows fixing the submersible pump at a set depth and dividing the well’s trunk into suction and injection zones.
Water lifting is done via the casing column and not the water-lifting pipe used in traditional well operation technology.
At the same time:
- metal consumption and total weight of the pumping installation decreases by 60-90%;
- pollution of the water-bearing layer is excluded; assembly and dismantling costs decrease by 40-70%;
- power costs of water lifting decrease by 30%; water return of the water-bearing layer increases; possibility of polluting and/or infecting the water-bearing table is excluded making the suggested technology competitive.
This technology of pumping underground water renders the possibility of intensifying water withdrawal due to creating vacuum in the pump’s suction zone. |
Actions:
A sprinkler (artificial rain irrigation) system installed consisting of 50 mm diameter polyethylene pipes assembled from 10-12 meter segments (5022 SD sprinkler; 3.5 bar pressure; 3.5 mm nozzles; water consumption of 0.87 m3/hour; water distribution area per 1 sprinkler – 12 m).
Results:
Financial and economic:
Compared to ridge-and-furrow watering method, sprinkler irrigation led to a yield increase for the following crops:
• carrots – 15.64%,
• cabbage – 12.78%,
• sweet pepper – 14.19%.
Technical:
• up to 20% reduced irrigation water consumption,
• prevention of irrigation-induced soil erosion,
• improved phytosanitary condition of vegetable fields. |
| Какие уроки и рекомендации можно извлечь из практики |
There is a need to perform major repair of vertical drainage system with the aim of ensuring the timely diversion of drainage and waste water from the Maktaaral Irrigation Massif.
It is also necessary to identify the optimal environmental and reclamation conditions to prevent salination of irrigated massifs by way of re-using drainage water for irrigation.
The data on the chemical composition of drainage and waste water (as per reports by Southern Kazakhstan Hydro-Geological Reclamation Expedition) prove that in most cases such water can used for irrigation without the need to dilute it with clean irrigation water.
Required personnel capacity-building:
- continuous training of the staff of the Operational Section of Southern Kazakhstan branch of RSE “Kazvodkhoz” on assembly and dismantling of target equipment used for VDW re-fitting;
- drafting and disseminating training materials (operation recommendations, practical seminars and trainings).
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Lessons learnt:
The practice demonstrated the possibility of effec-tive water use, reducing labor costs, and increasing yields of several horticultural crops simultaneously.
Recommendations:
Widespread introduction of sprinkler-based mist irrigation systems along with drip irrigation and other advanced water-efficient technologies is necessary. In order to ensure that, water users should have strong financial incentives to facilitate water saving.
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| Готовность практики к внедрению |
1. Затраты на внедрение: Высокие
2. Примерная стоимость капиталовложений на 1 га:
3. Затраты на поддержание и эксплуатацию: Высокие
4. Экспертная поддержка: Не требуется
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1. Затраты на внедрение: Высокие
2. Примерная стоимость капиталовложений на 1 га:
3. Затраты на поддержание и эксплуатацию: Высокие
4. Экспертная поддержка: Не требуется
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| Источники информации о практике |
Tumlert, V.A., Tumlert, E.V. “Outcomes of designing a device to pump underground water via well casing column” //Fair and rational use of natural resources – a way to the future (III Urkumbayev Readings): report abstract for scientific and technical conference, Taraz 2015, pp. 337-347;
Amangeldiyev, S.S. “Power-and-resource-saving technology of pumping underground water via well casing column with submersible pumps” // Khabar TV Channel, “Innovative Overdrive” Program (in the Kazakh and Russian languages), May 2015;
Tumlert, V. A., Yugai, I.A., Telgarayeva, G.E., Tumlert, E.V. “Introducing a new resource-saving technology of operating vertical drainage wells in irrigated massifs of Southern Kazakhstan Region” // ”Agrarian Science in Agriculture of Siberia, Kazakhstan, Belarus and Bulgaria”: report at the XIX International Scientific and Technical Conference, Minsk 2016, pp. 183-188;
Tumlert, V. A., Yugai, I.A., Ismailov, B.D. “Technology of pumping drainage water within the vertical drainage system in the irrigation massif of Southern Kazakhstan Region” // “Transboundary cooperation in Central Asia – stability and wellbeing of the whole region”: materials of international scientific and technical conference, Almaty 2017, pp. 181-187;
Tumlert, V. A., Yugai, I.A., Ismailov, B.D. “Intensifying water supply of distant pastures based on GIS-technologies” // “Prospects of innovative and investment development of the water sector”: materials of international scientific and technical conference, Kherson, Ukraine, May 18-19, 2017, pp. 133-137. |
The PhD thesis “Efficiency of mist (sprinkler) irriga-tion technology for vegetable crops in southeastern Kazakhstan” describing a vegetable (cabbage, carrots, sweet pepper) cultivation technology based on fine sprinkling irrigation developed for the first time for soil and climatic conditions of foothill zone in southeastern Kazakhstan, including an optimal mode of vegetables irrigation via fine overhead sprinkler-based irrigation was developed, as well as analyzing the effects of sprinkler irrigation on biomass formation and crops capacity. |
