Comparison of practices

• Use of water resources
• Use of land resources
• Re-use of drainage water for irrigation

• Использование водных ресурсов;
• Использование земельных ресурсов.

Country: Kazakhstan

Province: South Kazakhstan Region

District: Maktaaral District

Other settlement: Zhanaauyl Rural District

Country: Tajikistan

Province: Districts of Republican Subordination

District: Rudaki

Other settlement: Хозяйство им. Раджабова

The Maktaaral Irrigation Massif has 220 vertical drainage wells (VDW), but currently practically all of them are not operational.   The highest level of ground water occurrence in Maktaaral Irrigation Massif falls on December-February after completion of fall irrigation washings and water-charging.  The beginning of vegetation season (April-May) is characterized by receding ground water table.

The second ground water table rise occurs during mass vegetation watering of main crops, as a rule in July-August.

The vertical drainage system in Maktaaral Irrigation Massif does not operate on permanent basis, but mainly during fall and winter (irrigation washing, water charging) and during the vegetation season at the time of insufficient irrigation water supply.

• Расположена в зоне орошаемого земледелия;
• Уровень грунтовых вод ниже 5 м.;
• Почва – типичный серозем, уклон местности - 0,04.

Start date: 01.01.2016

End date: 31.10.2017

Start date: 01.01.2000

End date: 31.12.2003

Deterioration of reclamation situation: raising ground water table and land salination.  Intensified water withdrawal, saving on pipes, reusing ground water for irrigation

Нехватка оросительной воды, низкая урожайность, низкий КПД полива, эродированность почвы, низкий доход фермеров.

Set of measures to enhance land reclamation condition (rehabilitation of vertical drainage well capacities, fitting them with equipment for pumping ground water via casing column)

• Using casing pipes in wells for water lifting requires application of a special (pipeless water-lifting) device.

Система капельного орошения кукурузы.

The pipeless water-lifting device allows fixing the submersible pump at a set depth and dividing the well’s trunk into suction and injection zones.

Water lifting is done via the casing column and not the water-lifting pipe used in traditional well operation technology.

 At the same time:

• metal consumption and total weight of the pumping installation decreases by 60-90%;
• pollution of the water-bearing layer is excluded; assembly and dismantling costs decrease by 40-70%;
• power costs of water lifting decrease by 30%; water return of the water-bearing layer increases; possibility of polluting and/or infecting the water-bearing table is excluded making the suggested technology competitive.

 This technology of pumping underground water renders the possibility of intensifying water withdrawal due to creating vacuum in the pump’s suction zone.

Мероприятия:

• Составление проекта и сметы, закупка системы капельного орошения; 
• Монтаж капельной системы орошения, посев и выращивание кукурузы, уход за посевами; 
• Учет воды и ресурсов.

Результаты:

Финансово-экономические:
Обеспечивается повышение производительности труда, снижается себестоимость продукции и увеличивается доход фермеров.

Экологические:
Обеспечивается производство чистой экологической продукции питания. Недопущение различных потерь воды, эрозии почв и улучшение эколого-мелиоративного состояния земель.

Технические:
Повышение урожайности зерна кукурузы на 52% относительно бороздкового полива, экономия оросительной воды на 51%.

Социальные:
Возрастает благополучие местных жителей за счет увеличения производства с.-х. продукции. Сокращается тяжёлый ручной труд.

There is a need to perform major repair of vertical drainage system with the aim of ensuring the timely diversion of drainage and waste water from the Maktaaral Irrigation Massif.

It is also necessary to identify the optimal environmental and reclamation conditions to prevent salination of irrigated massifs by way of re-using drainage water for irrigation.

The data on the chemical composition of drainage and waste water (as per reports by Southern Kazakhstan Hydro-Geological Reclamation Expedition) prove that in most cases such water can used for irrigation without the need to dilute it with clean irrigation water.

Required personnel capacity-building:

• continuous training of the staff of the Operational Section of Southern Kazakhstan branch of RSE “Kazvodkhoz” on assembly and dismantling of target equipment used for VDW re-fitting;
• drafting and disseminating training materials (operation recommendations, practical seminars and trainings).

Уроки:

Применение системы капельного орошения обеспечивает повышение урожайности кукурузы, экономию оросительной воды, улучшение структуры почвы, КПД полива и т.д.

Рекомендации:

Необходимо широко внедрять системы капельного орошения, позволяющие повышению продуктивности водно-земельных ресурсов, снижению затрат ручного труда и экономию оросительной воды.

Domestic tools (outcomes of research by domestic R&D organizations)

Отечественные инструменты (результат разработок отечественных научно-исследовательских структур)

1. Cost of implementation: High

2. Approximate cost of investment per 1 ha:

3. O&M costs: High

4. Expert support: Not needed

1. Cost of implementation: High

2. Approximate cost of investment per 1 ha: 3500 долл./га

3. O&M costs: High

4. Expert support: Needed at implementation stage

Within the framework of 5039GF/4 Project supported via the financial grant on behalf of the Ministry of Education and Science (MoES) of Kazakhstan, several demo-sites were established in Maktaaral District of Southern Kazakhstan Region to hold trainings and practical seminars for specialists and to promote the new technology of pumping underground water via vertical drainage wells re-fitted with pipeless water-lifting devices.

Observations of ground water level were performed in the irrigation massif; optimal reclamation regime for irrigated land via vertical drainage wells based on the new technology was developed.

Название: Капельное орошение кукурузы в условиях Гиссарского района.

Продолжительность: начало 2000 г. – конец 2003 г.

Цели и задачи: Внедрение системы капельного орошения кукурузы, соблюдение оптимального режима орошения и элементов техники полива, обеспечивающее получение 100 ц/га и более зерна кукурузы при минимальных энергоресурсозатратах в условиях Гиссарской долины.

Получатели выгод от реализации проекта: земле-водопользователи хозяйства им. Ю.Раджабова

Структура, ответственная за реализацию проекта: НПО "ТаджикНИИГиМ"

Донор: НПО "ТаджикНИИГиМ"

Tumlert, V.A., Tumlert, E.V. “Outcomes of designing a device to pump underground water via well casing column” //Fair and rational use of natural resources – a way to the future (III Urkumbayev Readings): report abstract for scientific and technical conference, Taraz 2015, pp. 337-347;

Amangeldiyev, S.S. “Power-and-resource-saving technology of pumping underground water via well casing column with submersible pumps” // Khabar TV Channel, “Innovative Overdrive” Program (in the Kazakh and Russian languages), May 2015;

Tumlert, V. A., Yugai, I.A., Telgarayeva, G.E., Tumlert, E.V. “Introducing a new resource-saving technology of operating vertical drainage wells in irrigated massifs of Southern Kazakhstan Region” // ”Agrarian Science in Agriculture of Siberia, Kazakhstan, Belarus and Bulgaria”: report at the XIX International Scientific and Technical Conference, Minsk 2016, pp. 183-188;

Tumlert, V. A., Yugai, I.A., Ismailov, B.D. “Technology of  pumping drainage water within the vertical drainage system in the irrigation massif of Southern Kazakhstan Region” // “Transboundary cooperation in Central Asia – stability and wellbeing of the whole region”: materials of international scientific and technical conference, Almaty 2017, pp. 181-187;

Tumlert, V. A., Yugai, I.A., Ismailov, B.D. “Intensifying water supply of distant pastures based on GIS-technologies” // “Prospects of innovative and investment development of the water sector”: materials of international scientific and technical conference, Kherson, Ukraine, May 18-19, 2017, pp. 133-137.

Отчёт о научно-исследовательской работе НПО "ТаджикНИИГиМ", Душанбе, 2003 г., 46 стр.

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