Название практики |
Irrigation of pastures and hayfield meadows using Simulta-neous Impulse Sprinkling Kit (KSID-10S) |
Increasing water availability of desert pastures |
Category |
Water resources |
Water resources |
Tool |
Sprinkling system |
System for enhancing water availability |
Field of application |
Use of water resources |
- Use of water resources
- Use of land resources
- Environmental protection
|
Usability of practice for adaptation to climate change |
Moderate |
High |
Implemented by |
Kazakh Water Management Research Institute (KazNIIWKh)
|
Ministry of Nature Protection of Turkmenistan and German Technical Cooperation Agency (GIZ)
|
Used by |
Country: Kazakhstan
Province: Jambyl Region
|
Country: Turkmenistan
Province: Ahal Region
Other settlement: Yerbent
|
Local specifics |
The site is located in the foothills with significant difference in elevation |
The site (nearly 842,000 hectares; population of 8,000 people) is located in the Central Kara Kum Desert. The relief is represented by the combination of “barkhans” (sand dunes) of various forms and “takyr” (dry-type playa) depressions. The majority of the area is covered by desert pastures. |
Practice usage period |
Start date: 01.01.2006
End date: 31.12.2007
|
Start date: 01.01.2009
End date: 31.12.2010
|
Problem solved through this practice |
Water erosion, discharge, uneven distribution of irrigation water, poor yields |
As soon as people began to lead a settled life, they shifted away from the traditional way of livestock grazing. The land became subject to strenuous exploitation, especially near settlements and watering sites. Saxaul thickets were cut down for heating and cooking purposes. The thickets were unable to restore over time due to overgrazing. Frequent movement of sand dunes and severe sandstorms threaten not only dwellings and social infrastructure, but also degrade soil and destroy the limited number of available water wells. Degraded pastures fail to yield enough livestock forage. The shortage of watering sites leads to consolidation of large numbers of animals around existing wells. Structural changes in livestock production (more goats and cattle instead of camels; more unprotected pastures around settlements instead of distant pastures) lead to vegetation cover degradation, in particular, around settlements and watering sites. |
Tools used in the practice |
Technique and technology for irrigation based on Simultaneous Impulse Sprinkling Kit (KSID-10S) |
Technology for combatting desertification and droughts by proper management of wells and watering sites (construction and repair of wells, building mechanical protection from reed mats and Saxaul saplings) |
Description of the practice and its results |
Actions:
Deployment of the Simultaneous Impulse Sprinkling Kit (KSID-10S) allowing extremely uniform and simultaneous dispersion of irrigation water across all sections of arable pasture or hayfield meadow. Water expenditure at the impulse device makes 0.05-0.3 l/sec and 0.25-2.0 l/sec in the irrigation pipeline, thus, reducing (3-4 times) the costs associated with the pipeline network installation compared to other sprinkling systems (kits). The pipeline network is built of 15-25 mm diameter pipes easy to transport and assemble in mountainous conditions.
Technical characteristics:
Operation modes: automatic and manual
Irrigated area: 10 ha
Water consumption: up to 100 m3/day
Average sprinkling (rain) intensity: 0.002-0.008 mm/min
EFFICIENCY: 99%
MOC: 98%
Watering automation level: 100%
Results:
- Ensured water supply according to crops requirements with the account of changing weather conditions and moisture deposits in active soil layer;
- Elimination of : 1) water-induced soil erosion, 2) puddling and 3) discharge run-off;
- No need for water recirculation among irrigation sections.
|
Actions:
8 new wells built and 6 existing wells repaired, and mechanical protection (reed mats and Saxaul saplings) set up on the territory of 27 hectares. Water wells also underwent small-scale repair and construction to expand the area of pasturable land and prevent localized degradation.
Results:
After the restoration of wells, desert pastures became subject to even and rational use; installation of mechanical protection allowed to stop the approaching sand dunes around settlements. |
Lessons learnt and recommendations made |
Lessons learnt:
The advantages of impulse sprinkling irrigation were confirmed by the research efforts on other test sites of KAZNIIVKh in Jambyl Region that allowed increasing biological productivity of Golden Delicious apple variety by 10.1-36.8%, and commercial productivity – by 16.6-49.4% compared to conventional sprinkling irrigation systems.
Recommendations:
It is necessary to continue application of similar practices in foothill areas in Central Asia subject to power supply shortages. |
Lessons learnt:
The capacity of watering sites was increased by way of improving the existing infrastructure and, where possible, building new wells infrastructure. The newly drilled wells significantly aid local population in maintaining their livestock and households.
Recommendations:
It is necessary to test traditional drought-resistant grain crops. |
Source of practice |
Domestic tools (outcomes of research by domestic R&D organizations) |
- Traditional tools transferred from generation to generation that proved their efficiency in modern conditions;
- Domestic tools (outcomes of research by domestic R&D organizations)
|
Readiness for implementation |
1. Cost of implementation: High
2. Approximate cost of investment per 1 ha:
3. O&M costs: High
4. Expert support: Not needed
|
1. Cost of implementation: High
2. Approximate cost of investment per 1 ha:
3. O&M costs: High
4. Expert support: Not needed
|
Brief information on the project |
|
Project title: Local-level capacity building and investment for sustainable management of land resources.
Project duration: 2009-2010.
Project goal and objectives: combating desertification and droughts.
Project beneficiaries: farmers and representatives of local executive bodies in several settlements.
Project implementer: Ministry of Nature Protection of Turkmenistan and German Technical Cooperation Agency (GIZ). |
Funding source |
Ministry of Agriculture of the RK |
UNDP and Global Environmental Facility |
Information sources |
|
http://www.turkmenistan.ru/?page_id=3&lang_id=ru&elem_id=17207&type=event&layout=print&sort=date_desc |
Contacts of a person, who filled this form |
SIC ICWC |
SIC ICWC |
Form submission date |
30.03.2018 |
17.04.2018 |