Comparison of practices

Использование водных ресурсов

Country: Uzbekistan

Province: Xorazm Region

District: Urganch District

Country: Kazakhstan

Province: Karaganda Region

District: Shet District

Other settlement: Аксу-Аюлинский сельский округ

Khorezm Region lies in the northwest of Uzbekistan (between the latitudes of 40N and 42N and longitudes of 60E and 62E). The Region stretches for 280 km from northwest to southeast, and for 80 km – from west to east. The adyr relief is mainly formed by moist-type playa and, to a lesser extent, by meadow and grey-dessert soils; the depressions relief is formed by sands.

Объект расположен в зоне острой нехватки оросительной и питьевой воды

Start date: 01.01.2004

End date: 31.12.2016

Start date: 01.01.2015

End date: 31.12.2015

Inefficient field-level use of irrigation water

Острая нехватка оросительной воды

Technology of furrow-based counter irrigation

Меры по восстановлению природных родников: обустройство родников ограждением из камня и трубой для отвода воды

Technology applicability

In the majority of Central Asian countries, irrigated agriculture is based on flooding irrigation (ex.: wheat) and/or furrow-based irrigation (other crops).  Against the background of climate change and global water shortage, the traditional and/or currently practiced irrigation methods have lost their relevance and are no longer justified, in particular, in the Aral Sea area.  In addition, watering the whole field of uneven relief based on traditional furrow-based technique requires long time. In many cases, traditional watering leads to uneven water distribution (alternating dry and bogging spots) across the field and rising ground water level.  The suggested technology of counter irrigation is suitable for watering areas with even/flat relief, i.e. flat/lowland territories of Central Asian countries.

Technology description

The technology is quite simple and consists of simultaneous irrigation of a field from two sides.  It was appraised in Uzbekistan’s northwestern part within the framework of the ZEF/UNESCO Project.  The technology’s pilot application demonstrated that furrow-based counter irrigation can be used as a technical option of irrigating undeviating (even) sites and increases water efficiency due to more uniform water distribution along furrows.  This effective water-conservation technology has been already widely tested in Central Asian countries, including Uzbekistan (Syr Darya and Khorezm Regions) by SANIIRI.

Advantages

• Water-saving – results of the system’s field pilot testing show that compared to traditional furrow-based irrigation counter watering allows saving up to 20% of irrigation water during vegetation season;
• Decreased seasonal land salination at furrow ends – land salination at furrow ends due to poor absorption of irrigation water and high capillarity can be reduced by half;
• Increased yields – application of the method allows increasing crop yields in general by 30-35%, and specifically for cotton – by 0.5 tons/ha;
• Application and design enhancements of furrow-based irrigation (discharge optimizing, washing irrigation, field laser planning) allow increasing the technology’s efficiency from the current 45% up to 65%.

Мероприятия:

Проектом выбраны 10 родников, которые сохранили способность выхода воды на поверхность. Деятельность по проекту включала обустройство родников ограждением из камня, чтобы скот не топтал источник. Для стока воды в стенку ограждения вставлена труба.

Результаты:

Финансово-экономические:
Экономический эффект от развития животноводства и орошения – свыше 100 000 долларов США.

Технические:
Улучшилась водообеспеченность территории оросительной и питьевой водой. С применением практики водообеспеченность территории выросла на 30-40%. Разработан проект «Правила использования водных объектов общего пользования для личных и бытовых нужд, расположенных на территории сельского округа»

Lessons learnt:

The furrow-based counter irrigation technology is rather simple (entails simultaneous irrigation of a field from both sides) and represents a justified technical option of irrigating undeviating (even) relief land and increasing water efficiency due to more uniform water distribution along furrows.

Recommendations:

The irrigation technology is recommended for application by farmers prior to controlling ground water level and enhancing land reclamation condition via more radical measures.  Under the condition of available investment, this watering method can be widely introduced on engineered basis.

Уроки:

Практика показала выгодность восстановления родников и необходимость регулярного поддержания водных объектов.

Рекомендации:

Нужно продолжать такие работы не только в Казахстане, но и по всему региону. Например, можно восстановить по всей Центральной Азии много родников и накопителей воды типа сардоба или подземных кяризов.

• Traditional tools transferred from generation to generation that proved their efficiency in modern conditions
• Domestic tools (outcomes of research by domestic R&D organizations)

Отечественные инструменты (результат разработок отечественных научно-исследовательских структур)

1. Cost of implementation: High

2. Approximate cost of investment per 1 ha:

3. O&M costs: High

4. Expert support: Not needed

1. Cost of implementation: High

2. Approximate cost of investment per 1 ha:

3. O&M costs: Low

4. Expert support: Needed at O&M stage

Project beneficiaries: water consumers and WUAs.

 Project implementer: Central Asian Research Institute of Irrigation (SANIIRI)

Название: Проект «SaveH2Okz» в рамках Совместного проекта ЕС/ПРООН/ЕЭК ООН «Поддержка Казахстана для перехода к модели зеленой экономики»
Продолжительность: 2015-2018 гг.
Цели и задачи: Информационное освещение проблематики истощения водных ресурсов, с целью продвижения практик «зеленой экономики»
Получатели выгод от его реализации: Местное население
Структура, ответственная за реализацию проекта: МСХ РК
Донор: Евросоюз

1) Reference Book on climatically optimized investment in rural areas of the Aral Sea Basin (based on the examples of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan), Tashkent 2016;

2) Paluashova, G.K., Shirokova, Yu.I. “Efficiency of furrow-based counter irrigation of cotton in Khorezm conditions” (http://www.cawater-info.net/bk /improvement- irrigated-agriculture/files/paluashova-shirokova.pdf);

3) Paluashova, G. (2005), “Investigating land saline regime due to changed irrigation technology in the conditions of Khorezm Oasis.  Materials of “Scientific Support as a Factor of Sustainable Water Sector Development” International Research and Applied Conference (Taraz, Kazakhstan).

Совместный проект ЕС/ПРООН/ЕЭК ООН "Поддержка Казахстана по переходу к модели зеленой экономики" при финансовой поддержке Европейского Союза. http://saveh2o.kz/archives/portfolio-item/2/ 

SIC ICWC

НИЦ МКВК