Comparison of practices

• Use of water resources
• Use of land resources
• Re-use of drainage water for irrigation

Использование водных ресурсов

Country: Kazakhstan

Province: South Kazakhstan Region

District: Maktaaral District

Other settlement: Zhanaauyl Rural District

Country: Kazakhstan

Province: Jambyl Region

The Maktaaral Irrigation Massif has 220 vertical drainage wells (VDW), but currently practically all of them are not operational.   The highest level of ground water occurrence in Maktaaral Irrigation Massif falls on December-February after completion of fall irrigation washings and water-charging.  The beginning of vegetation season (April-May) is characterized by receding ground water table.

The second ground water table rise occurs during mass vegetation watering of main crops, as a rule in July-August.

The vertical drainage system in Maktaaral Irrigation Massif does not operate on permanent basis, but mainly during fall and winter (irrigation washing, water charging) and during the vegetation season at the time of insufficient irrigation water supply.

Объект расположен в зоне предгорьях значительных перепадов местности

Start date: 01.01.2016

End date: 31.10.2017

Start date: 01.01.2006

End date: 31.12.2007

Deterioration of reclamation situation: raising ground water table and land salination.  Intensified water withdrawal, saving on pipes, reusing ground water for irrigation

Водная эрозия, сброс, неравномерное распределение оросительной воды, низкая урожайность

Set of measures to enhance land reclamation condition (rehabilitation of vertical drainage well capacities, fitting them with equipment for pumping ground water via casing column)

• Using casing pipes in wells for water lifting requires application of a special (pipeless water-lifting) device.

Техника и технология полива комплектом синхронного импульсного дождевания (КСИД-10С)

The pipeless water-lifting device allows fixing the submersible pump at a set depth and dividing the well’s trunk into suction and injection zones.

Water lifting is done via the casing column and not the water-lifting pipe used in traditional well operation technology.

 At the same time:

• metal consumption and total weight of the pumping installation decreases by 60-90%;
• pollution of the water-bearing layer is excluded; assembly and dismantling costs decrease by 40-70%;
• power costs of water lifting decrease by 30%; water return of the water-bearing layer increases; possibility of polluting and/or infecting the water-bearing table is excluded making the suggested technology competitive.

 This technology of pumping underground water renders the possibility of intensifying water withdrawal due to creating vacuum in the pump’s suction zone.

Мероприятия:

Применяется комплект синхронного импульсного дождевания. Поливная вода предельно равномерно рассредоточивается по всему участку орошаемого пастбищно-сенокосного угодья, который поливается одновременно. При этом подводимый расход воды к импульсному аппарату составляет 0,05-0,3 л/с, к поливному трубопроводу 0,25-2,0 л/с, что сокращает затраты на устройство трубопроводной сети в 3-4 раза по сравнению с обычными системами (комплектами) дождевания. Трубопроводная сеть состоит из труб диаметром от 15 до 25 мм, что значительно облегчает их транспортировку и монтаж в условиях горных склонах.

Технические характеристики:
Режим работы: автоматический и ручной
Площадь полива: 10 га
Водоподача за сутки: до 100 м3/с
Средняя интенсивность дождя – 0,002-0,008 мм/мин
КПД: 99%
КЗИ: 98%
Степень автоматизации полива: 100%

Результаты:

• Осуществлена водоподача в соответствии с потребностью растений в воде с учетом изменяющихся метеорологических условий, запасов влаги в активном слое почвы;
• Исключены: 1) водная эрозия почв, 2) луже-образование и 3) сбросной сток;
• Нет необходимости в водообороте между участками полива.

There is a need to perform major repair of vertical drainage system with the aim of ensuring the timely diversion of drainage and waste water from the Maktaaral Irrigation Massif.

It is also necessary to identify the optimal environmental and reclamation conditions to prevent salination of irrigated massifs by way of re-using drainage water for irrigation.

The data on the chemical composition of drainage and waste water (as per reports by Southern Kazakhstan Hydro-Geological Reclamation Expedition) prove that in most cases such water can used for irrigation without the need to dilute it with clean irrigation water.

Required personnel capacity-building:

• continuous training of the staff of the Operational Section of Southern Kazakhstan branch of RSE “Kazvodkhoz” on assembly and dismantling of target equipment used for VDW re-fitting;
• drafting and disseminating training materials (operation recommendations, practical seminars and trainings).

Уроки:

Достоинства импульсного дождевания подтверждаются исследованиями, проведенными на других опытных участках КазНИИВХ в Жамбылской области, которые позволили повысить биологическую урожайность яблонь сорта «Голден Делишес» на 10,1-36,8 %, товарную – на 16,6-49,4 % по сравнению с поливом обычным дождеванием.

Рекомендации:

Нужно продолжать применение таких практик на предгорных местностях в Центральной Азии, где есть проблема с энергоснабжением.

Domestic tools (outcomes of research by domestic R&D organizations)

Отечественные инструменты (результат разработок отечественных научно-исследовательских структур)

1. Cost of implementation: High

2. Approximate cost of investment per 1 ha:

3. O&M costs: High

4. Expert support: Not needed

1. Cost of implementation: Moderate

2. Approximate cost of investment per 1 ha:

3. O&M costs: Low

4. Expert support: Needed at O&M stage

Within the framework of 5039GF/4 Project supported via the financial grant on behalf of the Ministry of Education and Science (MoES) of Kazakhstan, several demo-sites were established in Maktaaral District of Southern Kazakhstan Region to hold trainings and practical seminars for specialists and to promote the new technology of pumping underground water via vertical drainage wells re-fitted with pipeless water-lifting devices.

Observations of ground water level were performed in the irrigation massif; optimal reclamation regime for irrigated land via vertical drainage wells based on the new technology was developed.

Tumlert, V.A., Tumlert, E.V. “Outcomes of designing a device to pump underground water via well casing column” //Fair and rational use of natural resources – a way to the future (III Urkumbayev Readings): report abstract for scientific and technical conference, Taraz 2015, pp. 337-347;

Amangeldiyev, S.S. “Power-and-resource-saving technology of pumping underground water via well casing column with submersible pumps” // Khabar TV Channel, “Innovative Overdrive” Program (in the Kazakh and Russian languages), May 2015;

Tumlert, V. A., Yugai, I.A., Telgarayeva, G.E., Tumlert, E.V. “Introducing a new resource-saving technology of operating vertical drainage wells in irrigated massifs of Southern Kazakhstan Region” // ”Agrarian Science in Agriculture of Siberia, Kazakhstan, Belarus and Bulgaria”: report at the XIX International Scientific and Technical Conference, Minsk 2016, pp. 183-188;

Tumlert, V. A., Yugai, I.A., Ismailov, B.D. “Technology of  pumping drainage water within the vertical drainage system in the irrigation massif of Southern Kazakhstan Region” // “Transboundary cooperation in Central Asia – stability and wellbeing of the whole region”: materials of international scientific and technical conference, Almaty 2017, pp. 181-187;

Tumlert, V. A., Yugai, I.A., Ismailov, B.D. “Intensifying water supply of distant pastures based on GIS-technologies” // “Prospects of innovative and investment development of the water sector”: materials of international scientific and technical conference, Kherson, Ukraine, May 18-19, 2017, pp. 133-137.

SIC ICWC

НИЦ МКВК