Название практики | Water-charging irrigation for rangelands used for growing forage crops | Enhancing water distribution in Water User Associa-tions (WUAs) by way of designing and implementing WUA decade-based water supply scheduled plans broken down by water consumers and days |
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Category | Water resources | Water resources |
Tool | Irrigation technique and technology | Water distribution technology |
Field of application | • Use of water resources |
Use of water resources |
Usability of practice for adaptation to climate change | High | Moderate |
Implemented by | Scientific and Information Center (SIC) of Interstate Commission for Water Coordination (ICWC) and Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) |
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Used by |
Country: Kazakhstan Province: Jambyl Region District: Talas District Other settlement: Village of Sadu Shakirov |
Country: Kyrgyzstan Province: Osh Region District: Kara-Suu District Other settlement: WUAs in proximity of the Aravan-Akbura Main Canal |
Local specifics | The site is located in the desert foothill plain in South-ern Kazakhstan (internal drain area) at the very end of Sharuashlyk Irrigation Canal. |
Akbura River Basin Shallow groundwater occurrence |
Practice usage period |
Start date: 01.05.2008 End date: 30.04.2009 |
Start date: 01.01.2003 End date: 31.12.2011 |
Problem solved through this practice | Acute water shortage; land degradation in the village of Sadu Shakirov; abandoned irrigated arable lands used only for year-round cattle grazing. For a long time, the irrigation canal was not operation-al and, thus, became dilapidated. The situation in the area was aggravated by climate change impacts (de-creased quantity of early spring, summer and winter precipitation, increased average annual temperature, spring and autumn frost bites and summer droughts). |
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Tools used in the practice | Method of autumn and winter water-charging irrigation |
Principles of water rotation and public participation |
Description of the practice and its results | Actions: Results: Financial and economic: Technical: |
Uniform and fair water distribution among water consumers (WCs) inside WUAs, clear alignment and coordination of water supply schedules via internal WUA networks of all levels with water supply schedules to WUA derivation canals from main canals is ensured by enhancing existing water distribution planning techniques based on water rotation (recirculation) and volumes of technically deliverable water executed via decade planning (within vegetation period decades). Actions: In accordance with the approved decade-based water distribution scheduled plan, decade water quantity is supplied to WCs in turns as per their water requests. The schedules can be quickly adjusted depending on water availability in concerned water bodies. The technique is based on wide engagement of WCs in distribution procedures – not only WUA personnel but also WCs themselves know who is receiving water, when and how much of it and, thus, can monitor each other and assess each other’s operations. This promotes better mutual water discipline among WCs. The process can be controlled from beginning to end based on corresponding documents (decade water distribution schedules, water request from WCs and WUAs, water request registration logs, water accounting logs at WUA headworks and WUA derivation canals. Results: As the result of introducing the decade-based water distribution plan in 2009-2011:
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Lessons learnt and recommendations made | Lessons learnt: Application of water-charging irrigation demonstrated the efficiency of water use and allowed local popula-tion to go through winter without losing livestock. Recommendations: |
Lessons learnt: Thanks to proper water use management inside WUAs, water intake in the upper sections of main canals and rivers decreased by 50-80% and, thus, the unproductive discharge to collectors and depressions reduced also. Reduced water intake in the head sections of main canals and rivers led to the increased influx of high-quality irrigation water in their end sections resulting in better observance of environmental requirements aimed at preserving wild flora and fauna. Recommendation: Country-wide scaling-up of the practice of decade-based water distribution planning inside WUAs is necessary and possible. |
Source of practice | Traditional tools transferred from generation to generation that proved their efficiency in modern conditions |
The practice is the result of streamlining:
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Readiness for implementation |
1. Cost of implementation: High 2. Approximate cost of investment per 1 ha: 3. O&M costs: High 4. Expert support: Not needed |
1. Cost of implementation: High 2. Approximate cost of investment per 1 ha: 3. O&M costs: High 4. Expert support: Not needed |
Brief information on the project | Project title: Fall and early spring Irrigation of arable land and pastures as an adaptation mechanism of ra-tional water use in Southern Kazakhstan Duration: May 1, 2008 – April 30, 2009 Project goal and objectives: reduce land degradation due to climate change by way of rational use of irriga-tion water. The project was implemented to prevent loss of cattle due to forage shortage during alternating droughty years. Project beneficiaries: local population. Project implementer: Kogal LLC |
Project title: Integrated Water Resources Management in the Fergana Valley (IWRM-Fergana). Project duration: Jan 01, 2001-Dec 31, 2012 (12 years). Project goal and objectives: overall project goal was “to contribute to safer living, environmental sustainability and wide social harmony, to support rural restructuring in Central Asian countries by enhancing water resources management based on the example of the Ferghana Valley”. Project beneficiaries: WUAs, farmers in project sites. Project implementer: IWMI, SIC of the ICWC, Project Steering Committee (PSC) consisting of 3 representatives of the Ministries of Rural and Water Management (MRWM) of project target countries, 3 heads of Regional Water Administrations hosting project target sites. |
Funding source | Kogal LLC | Grant from the Swiss Government via SDC |
Information sources | 1) UNDP Compilation “Climate change adaptation: ex-amples from Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan”, Tashkent 2012; |
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Contacts of a person, who filled this form | SIC ICWC |
SIC ICWC |
Form submission date | 29.03.2018 | 02.04.2018 |