Название практики | Water-charging irrigation for rangelands used for growing forage crops | Collecting surface drain and saving water for the development of vegetable and fruit gardening to prevent pasture degradation |
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Category | Water resources | Water resources |
Tool | Irrigation technique and technology | System for enhancing water availability |
Field of application | • Use of water resources |
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Usability of practice for adaptation to climate change | High | High |
Implemented by | Ministry of Nature Protection of Turkmenistan and German Technical Cooperation Agency (GIZ) |
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Used by |
Country: Kazakhstan Province: Jambyl Region District: Talas District Other settlement: Village of Sadu Shakirov |
Country: Turkmenistan Province: Ahal Region |
Local specifics | The site is located in the desert foothill plain in South-ern Kazakhstan (internal drain area) at the very end of Sharuashlyk Irrigation Canal. |
The site (9,000 ha, natural juniper woods) is located in the southwestern section of the Central Kopetdagh – a mountain and agro-environmental zone close to the border with Iran with the population of about 12,000 people engaged in agro-livestock production. |
Practice usage period |
Start date: 01.05.2008 End date: 30.04.2009 |
Start date: 01.01.2009 End date: 31.12.2010 |
Problem solved through this practice | Acute water shortage; land degradation in the village of Sadu Shakirov; abandoned irrigated arable lands used only for year-round cattle grazing. For a long time, the irrigation canal was not operation-al and, thus, became dilapidated. The situation in the area was aggravated by climate change impacts (de-creased quantity of early spring, summer and winter precipitation, increased average annual temperature, spring and autumn frost bites and summer droughts). |
Natural juniper is cut down as heating timber, and water shortage is connected to poor precipitation. As a rule, villagers collect surface water flowing down the mountain slopes into the specially built tanks called “goudans”. In good years, goudans keep enough irrigation water for one season. However, during the last 5-6 years the goudans didn’t fill up due to insufficient rain. Deforested slopes are unable to hold rainwater due to quick drain. Because of water deficiency, local population is gradually shifting away from agriculture and gardening and is increasingly focusing on livestock breeding. As a result of excessive use of pastures, fodder is not able to grow on the trodden land which leads to further erosion of mountain slopes. |
Tools used in the practice | Method of autumn and winter water-charging irrigation |
Set of measures for collecting surface water drain on slope land (construction of a series of small dams; drip irrigation; planting out of juniper) |
Description of the practice and its results | Actions: Results: Financial and economic: Technical: |
Actions:
Results:
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Lessons learnt and recommendations made | Lessons learnt: Application of water-charging irrigation demonstrated the efficiency of water use and allowed local popula-tion to go through winter without losing livestock. Recommendations: |
Lessons learnt: Enhanced methods of collecting surface drain and saving water are necessary to compensate the growing water shortage in order to allow communities to go back to agriculture and make cattle breeding more sustainable. They are also necessary to stop the increasing degradation of mountain slopes. Recommendations: Technologies for application in the future:
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Source of practice | Traditional tools transferred from generation to generation that proved their efficiency in modern conditions |
Domestic tools (outcomes of research by domestic R&D organizations) |
Readiness for implementation |
1. Cost of implementation: High 2. Approximate cost of investment per 1 ha: 3. O&M costs: High 4. Expert support: Not needed |
1. Cost of implementation: High 2. Approximate cost of investment per 1 ha: 3. O&M costs: High 4. Expert support: Not needed |
Brief information on the project | Project title: Fall and early spring Irrigation of arable land and pastures as an adaptation mechanism of ra-tional water use in Southern Kazakhstan Duration: May 1, 2008 – April 30, 2009 Project goal and objectives: reduce land degradation due to climate change by way of rational use of irriga-tion water. The project was implemented to prevent loss of cattle due to forage shortage during alternating droughty years. Project beneficiaries: local population. Project implementer: Kogal LLC |
Project title: Local-level capacity building and investment for sustainable management of land resources. Project duration: 2009-2010. Project goal and objectives: combating desertification and droughts. Project beneficiaries: population of Garavul and Konegummez daikhan settlements in Bakharly Etrap (district) of Akhal Velayat (Region). Project implementer: Ministry of Nature Protection of Turkmenistan and German Technical Cooperation Agency (GIZ). |
Funding source | Kogal LLC | UNDP and Global Environmental Facility |
Information sources | 1) UNDP Compilation “Climate change adaptation: ex-amples from Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan”, Tashkent 2012; |
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Contacts of a person, who filled this form | SIC ICWC |
SIC ICWC |
Form submission date | 29.03.2018 | 17.04.2018 |