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Energy policy comprises a set of strategic measures designed to ensure a sustainable, reliable, and affordable energy supply while minimizing the environmental impact of the energy sector.
Regulation refers to the mechanisms and actions implemented by governments to achieve energy policy objectives. This includes legislation, regulatory frameworks, economic incentives, and administrative procedures.
Key aspects of energy policy:
• Ensuring energy security: Reliable and stable energy supply, diversification of energy sources, and reducing dependence on imports.
• Ensuring energy affordability: Reducing energy costs for households and businesses while providing support to socially vulnerable groups.
• Developing the energy market: Fostering a competitive environment, encouraging investment in the energy sector, and expanding energy infrastructure.
Key energy regulation tools:
1. Legislation and regulatory frameworks:
• Energy Code: The primary legal document that defines relationships and responsibilities within the energy sector.
• Regulations and standards: Requirements for energy efficiency in buildings, equipment, and transportation.
• Licensing: Oversight of energy companies' operations, including the extraction, processing, transportation, and sale of energy resources.
2. Economic instruments:
• Taxes and tariffs: Used to promote energy conservation and the adoption of renewable energy sources.
• Subsidies and grants: Provide financial support for investments in energy-efficient technologies and renewable energy projects.
• Emissions trading schemes: Market-based mechanisms that regulate greenhouse gas emissions by allowing the trading of emission allowances.
3. Administrative measures:
• Government programs: Support initiatives focused on energy conservation, the development of renewable energy sources, and the modernization of energy infrastructure.
• Control and oversight: Monitor the activities of energy companies to ensure compliance with laws, standards, and regulations.
• Information support: Promote energy-saving practices and raise public awareness about energy efficiency opportunities.
Effective energy policy and regulation require:
• A comprehensive approach that addresses all stages of the energy system — from resource extraction and processing to final consumption.
• Flexibility to adapt to changing conditions and challenges.
• Collaboration among government, industry, and society.